Safe cooking temperatures and leftovers
Safe cooking comes down to a thermometer and a clock: poultry to 165 degrees Fahrenheit, ground meat to 160, whole cuts of beef, pork and lamb to 145 with a three-minute rest, and fish to 145. Refrigerate leftovers within two hours, or one hour on a day above 90 degrees, eat them within three to four days, and reheat them to 165 until steaming.
About 15 minutes to learnSafety critical: tightly scoped, know when to call a professional
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How to do it
- Buy an instant-read thermometer and use it on meat every time, in the thickest part away from bone.
- Cook poultry, including ground poultry, to 165 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Cook ground beef and pork to 160 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Bring steaks, chops and roasts of beef, pork or lamb to 145 degrees Fahrenheit and rest them three minutes; cook fish to 145.
- Refrigerate leftovers within two hours of cooking, or within one hour if it is above 90 degrees outside.
- Keep the fridge at 40 degrees Fahrenheit or colder and the freezer at 0.
- Eat leftovers within three to four days and reheat them to 165 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Thaw frozen meat in the fridge, in cold water changed every 30 minutes, or in the microwave, never on the counter.
- Keep raw meat below ready-to-eat food in the fridge and on separate boards.
Stop and call a professional if
- Vomiting or diarrhea with blood, a high fever, signs of dehydration, or symptoms lasting more than three days: get medical care.
- The person who is ill is pregnant, a young child, an older adult or has a weakened immune system: call a doctor early.
- Anyone shows trouble breathing, blurred vision or muscle weakness after eating: call 911.
Common mistakes
- Judging doneness by color.
- Leaving party food out all afternoon.
- Cooling a big pot of chili on the stove overnight.
- Thawing meat on the counter.
- Tasting food to decide whether it has gone bad.
Quick self-check
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Teach this to someone
A one-page sheet for showing a friend, a roommate or a kid: what to say, what to show, and one question to check it landed.
Teach: Safe cooking temperatures and leftovers
What to say
Safe cooking comes down to a thermometer and a clock: poultry to 165 degrees Fahrenheit, ground meat to 160, whole cuts of beef, pork and lamb to 145 with a three-minute rest, and fish to 145. Refrigerate leftovers within two hours, or one hour on a day above 90 degrees, eat them within three to four days, and reheat them to 165 until steaming.
What to show, in order
- Buy an instant-read thermometer and use it on meat every time, in the thickest part away from bone.
- Cook poultry, including ground poultry, to 165 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Cook ground beef and pork to 160 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Bring steaks, chops and roasts of beef, pork or lamb to 145 degrees Fahrenheit and rest them three minutes; cook fish to 145.
- Refrigerate leftovers within two hours of cooking, or within one hour if it is above 90 degrees outside.
- Keep the fridge at 40 degrees Fahrenheit or colder and the freezer at 0.
- Eat leftovers within three to four days and reheat them to 165 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Thaw frozen meat in the fridge, in cold water changed every 30 minutes, or in the microwave, never on the counter.
- Keep raw meat below ready-to-eat food in the fridge and on separate boards.
When to stop and call a professional
- Vomiting or diarrhea with blood, a high fever, signs of dehydration, or symptoms lasting more than three days: get medical care.
- The person who is ill is pregnant, a young child, an older adult or has a weakened immune system: call a doctor early.
- Anyone shows trouble breathing, blurred vision or muscle weakness after eating: call 911.
The check question
Ask: What is the safe internal temperature for poultry?
Related skills
- How to cook a steak to the right doneness
- How to roast a whole chicken
- How to meal prep lunches for the week
- Every skill in Kitchen
Sources
- National food safety chart of safe minimum internal temperatures, current edition. Checked September 28, 2026.
Last reviewed . First published .